This book aims to provide insight into ethical problems within the modern scientific enterprise such as Scientific Research, Healthcare, and Publishing. The book attempts to cover the full range of ethical challenges including common ethical dilemmas, misconduct, and plagiarism. This spectrum is large so that young researchers and many experienced scientists may discover something interesting or useful. During the research for this book, the editor too discovered more than a few biases and other problems that he has not been sufficiently aware of. His hope is that this book will also be helpful to others and provide significant new insights.