Using social exchange theory, we proposed a moderated mediation model to explore the relationship between unemployment risk perception and employee knowledge hiding under the disruption of artificial intelligence transformation. We conducted an empirical analysis of data from 274 respondents who completed a two-stage survey with an interval of about 2 weeks. The results were as follows: First, unemployment risk perception was positively related to employee knowledge hiding. Second, psychological contract breach mediated the relationship between unemployment risk perception and employee knowledge hiding. Third, mindfulness negatively moderated the relationship between psychological contract breach and employee knowledge hiding. Fourth, mindfulness negatively moderated the strength of the mediated relationship between unemployment risk perception and employee knowledge hiding via psychological contract breach. The research conclusions can help companies formulate policies to guide employees to actively share knowledge in artificial intelligence transformation contexts.