Performance is understood as achievement of the organization in relation with its set goals. Performance management is about aligning individual objectives to organizational objectives and ensuring that individuals hold the corporate core values. Effective performance management is essential to businesses. Through both formal and informal processes, it helps them align their employees, resources, and systems to meet their strategic objectives. This book provides state of the art information to managers and students enabling them to plan for, and then manage, performance improvement. Monitoring and ensuring effective, efficient, and economic use of resources in the public sector is addressed in this critical analysis. The book provides the tools and theoretical understanding to improve resource management practice, whilst integrating a focus throughout on the importance of interplay between performance improvement and management.