Background and Purpose: Using the Social Contract Theory underpinning, this research examines the relationship between human resource management (HRM) and accountability within Malaysian statutory bodies. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed to gather data from 195 online surveys distributed to CEOs of Malaysian statutory bodies. 186 usable responses were obtained for further analysis. Statistical techniques were applied to assess the relationship between HRM and accountability. Findings: The study's results reveal a positive and significant relationship between HRM practices and accountability within Malaysian statutory bodies. These findings highlight the critical role of HRM in promoting accountability and ensuring the successful fulfilment of socioeconomic obligations in emerging countries like Malaysia. Contributions: This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the association between HRM and accountability in Malaysian statutory bodies. Additionally, it incorporates the Social Contract Theory to provide a unique theoretical lens for understanding this relationship