Due to the high uncertainty of renewable energy sources, and the diversity of energy sources and storage systems, it is mandatory to seek a controller that manages all these renewable energy sources and this hybrid energy storage. This paper proposed a renewable energy management system using flatness control and PID and PSO technologies that track the maximum power point from the PV array and …
Among a variety of storage technologies used for energy storage systems, supercapacitors, Pb-Acid Batteries (PABs), and Lithium Batteries (LBs) are widely used for microgrid applications. The supercapacitors with high-power density are suitable for fast power regulations; conversely, the PABs have high-energy density, which makes them suitable for long-term energy management. Since the PABs and…